Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kokuphonswa kwe-aluminium alloy emkhathini

Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwe Ukuphonswa kwe-Aluminium Alloys ku-spacecraft

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bezindiza, ukuphonswa kwe-aluminium alloy zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imikhumbi-mkhathi. Ama-alloy e-aluminium abe yinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhumbi-mkhathi ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba nezemishini. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngokusetshenziswa okuqondile kwe-aluminium alloy castings emikhumbi-mkhathi, kanye nezinzuzo kanye neziqondiso zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ezilethayo.

1. Izinzuzo zokuphonswa kwe-aluminium alloy emkhathini

(I) Ilula futhi inamandla aphezulu

I-aluminium alloy iyinto yensimbi elula futhi enamandla aphezulu. Amandla ayo adonsela phansi angaba yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yensimbi, kodwa amandla ayo aqondile angaba ngu-35% aphezulu kunawensimbi evamile yekhabhoni. Inezici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini njengamandla okudonseka kanye namandla okukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium alloys kunganciphisa kakhulu isisindo sendiza futhi kuthuthukise umthamo womthwalo kanye nokusebenza kokundiza. Isibonelo, isisindo esingu-44% se-fuselage yendiza yabagibeli ye-Airbus A380 sakhiwe nge-aluminium alloys.

(II) Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala
Ama-alloy e-aluminium anokumelana okuhle nokugqwala futhi abekezelela kahle ama-asidi nama-alkali amaningi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emikhumbi-mkhathi esebenza emoyeni isikhathi eside. Izingxenye ze-alloy ze-aluminium zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza igobolondo langaphandle lendiza, kanye nama-bracket nama-shell ezinsimbi ezahlukene zezindiza.
(III) Ukushisa okuphezulu
Ukushisa kwe-aluminium alloy kuhamba kahle kakhulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza ezinye izingxenye ezidinga ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa, njengezinki zokushisa, ama-cooler namapayipi okudlulisa ukushisa ezinjinini zezindiza.
(IV) Ukulula kokucutshungulwa kanye nokwenziwa kalula
I-aluminium alloy inokwakheka okuhle kanye nokusebenza kahle komshini, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa ibe izingxenye zezimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aluminium alloy ingacutshungulwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula, njengokukhipha, ukwelula, ukudweba okubandayo, ukushisela, ukusika kanye nezinye izindlela.

2. Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwe-aluminium alloy castings emkhathini
(I) Izingxenye zenjini
I-Aluminium Ukunemba kwe-alloy Ukuphotha kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye zenjini, njengemicu ye-turbine, ama-vane okuqondisa ukungena kanye nama-diski e-turbine. Inqubo yokuphotha ngokunemba ingakhiqiza izingxenye zezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi iqinisekise ukunemba kwazo kobukhulu kanye nekhwalithi yobuso, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenjini. Isibonelo, idiski ye-turbine iyisici esibalulekile okumele sibe namandla aphezulu kanye nesisindo esilula ngoba sidinga ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokucindezela. Ukuphotha nge-aluminium alloy die kuyinqubo efanelekile yokukhiqiza amadiski e-turbine asezingeni eliphezulu, anomumo oyinkimbinkimbi.
(II) Izingxenye zesakhiwo sezindiza
Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba ngokunemba kwe-aluminium alloy bungasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza izingxenye zesakhiwo sezindiza, njengezixhumi ze-fuselage, izakhiwo zokusekela kanye namathangi kaphethiloli. Ukubumba ngokunemba kunganciphisa isisindo sezingxenye, kuthuthukise amandla nokuqina kwesakhiwo, futhi kunikeze indiza ukusebenza okungcono kokundiza kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Isibonelo, u-44% wesisindo se-fuselage yendiza yabagibeli ye-Airbus A380 yakhiwe nge-aluminium alloy.
(III) Amadivayisi ezindiza
Ukuphonswa kwe-aluminium alloy ngokunemba nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamadivayisi ezindiza. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwama-thruster asemkhathini, izingxenye zokuzulazula kanye namadivayisi okufika. Inqubo yokuphonswa ngokunemba ingaqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwala madivayisi futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zomsebenzi wasemkhathini.
(IV) Izingxenye zesathelayithi
Ama-aluminium alloy die castings nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwama-satellite asemoyeni kanye nezingxenye zamarokhethi. Isibonelo, igobolondo langaphandle le-satellite livame ukwenziwa ngama-aluminium alloy die castings anamandla aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-thruster kanye nemishini yokuhamba kudingeka futhi asebenzise ama-aluminium alloy die castings ukuqinisekisa ukuthi alula futhi aqinile.

3. Amacala okusetshenziswa kokuphonswa kwe-aluminium alloy emkhathini
(I) Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nemikhiqizo yezingxenye ezibalulekile zochungechunge lwe-alloy yokukhanya yemikhumbi-mkhathi
Lo msebenzi wenze ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye nesembozo somsila we-aluminium alloy esezingeni eliphezulu kanye negobolondo lekhoni elingezansi, ikhabhini le-aluminium alloy elinodonga olude kakhulu kanye nethangi likaphethiloli le-aluminium alloy eliyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nekhabhini le-magnesium alloy elinodonga oluqinile lezingxenye ezibalulekile ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi zochungechunge lwe-aluminium-magnesium alloy olunamandla aphezulu lwezindiza. Kuye kwasungulwa uchungechunge lwezingxenye ezintsha ze-aluminium-magnesium alloy casting, okuhlanganisa isembozo somsila we-aluminium alloy, igobolondo lekhoni eliphansi, ikhabhini le-aluminium alloy elinodonga olude kakhulu, ithangi likaphethiloli elihlanganisiwe, ithangi likaphethiloli elihlanganisiwe eliguquguqukayo, ikhabhini le-servo, i-II-III stage interstage, isigaba somsila we-II, kanye nekhabhini lesibili le-magnesium alloy kanye negobolondo lekhabhini lesihlanu. Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukise izinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ukusakaza obusezingeni eliphezulu ezweni lakithi futhi bakhuthaza intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe embonini.
(II) Intuthuko eqhubekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa insimbi ye-aluminium alloy yezindiza
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe bokuphonsa i-aluminium alloy yezindiza buqhube uchungechunge lwentuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe, buhlinzeka ngesisombululo esisha esilula sensimu yezindiza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zokuphonsa zendabuko, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuphonsa i-aluminium alloy yezindiza bunezinzuzo ezilandelayo ezibalulekile: impumelelo ezakhiweni zezinto ezibonakalayo, ngamandla okunamathela afinyelela ku-450-550MPa, ukunwebeka kukhuphuke kwafika ku-8-12%, impilo yokukhathala ikhuphuke ngokuphindwe ka-3-5, kanye ne-anisotropy yehliswe yaya ngaphansi kuka-10%; ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuphonsa i-die-casting obunomfutho ophezulu we-vacuum (i-porosity