Uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso bukozwe mu cyuma gishyushya aruminiyumu

Aluminiyumu Alloy Die-Ubuso bwo gucukura Ubuvuzi

Mu nganda zikora aluminiyumu, "gukora" ni cyo gice cyo gutangira gusa mu gukora; gutunganya ubuso ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kigena uko ibicuruzwa bibona, imikorere yabyo, n'uko isoko rihangana. Byaba ari ibisabwa bikomeye byo kurwanya ingese ku bice by'imodoka, imiterere myiza y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi, cyangwa ibisabwa by'ibanze byo kurwanya ingese ku bikoresho by'inganda, uburyo bwa siyansi n'ubw'ubwenge bwo gutunganya ubuso ni ingenzi. Iyi nkuru izasesengura mu buryo bwimbitse agaciro k'ingenzi, inzira rusange, uburyo bwo guhitamo, n'uburyo bizagenda mu gihe kizaza. gucukura aloyi ya aluminiyumu gutunganya ubuso, bifasha amasosiyete kugera ku kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa no kugenzura ikiguzi.

I. Kuki gutunganya ubuso ari ngombwa kugira ngo hakorwe imashini zikoresha aluminiyumu? Ingano eshatu z'ingenzi ntizisimburwa

Gucana aluminiyumu, hamwe n'ibyiza byayo byo gukora neza no kwihuza neza n'inyubako zikomeye, bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'imodoka, 3C, ingufu nshya, n'imashini z'ubwubatsi. Ariko, ahantu hadakoreshejwe ingufu hari inenge: ubukana bw'ubuso, imyobo n'igabanuka, hamwe na filimi za okiside zitangana. Byongeye kandi, aluminiyumu yuzuye ifite ingese nke kandi idapfa kwangirika. Inshingano nyamukuru yo gutunganya ubuso ni "gukosora inenge no kongera inyungu" binyuze mu buryo bw'umubiri, imiti, cyangwa amashanyarazi. Ibi bishobora gukubiye mu nyungu eshatu z'ingenzi:

1. Uburinzi Burushijeho Kubahwa: "Umusaraba Urinda" wongera igihe cyo kubaho k'umusaruro
Aloyi za aluminiyumu zishobora kwangirika mu bidukikije bikomeye nko mu bushuhe, aside, na alkalinity. Gutunganya ubuso birema agahu gakomeye gakingira ku buso bw'ibikoresho, bigatandukanya n'ibintu byangiza nk'amazi, ogisijeni, n'umunyu. Urugero, nyuma yo kuvurwa na phosphating na electrophoresis, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umunyu mu maboko yo kugenzura aloyi za aluminiyumu muri chassis y'imodoka bushobora kwiyongera kuva ku masaha ari munsi ya 24 ku gice cya mbere kugeza ku masaha arenga 1.000, bigabanya cyane igipimo cyo gutsindwa nyuma yo kugurisha. Gutunganya anodizing bikoreshwa ku dusanduku twa bateri mu modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, ntibirinda gusa kwangirika kwa electrolyte ahubwo binanoza imikorere yo gukingira no kwemeza umutekano wa bateri.

2. Isura nziza: Ihura n'ibikenewe mu buryo butandukanye ku isoko
Mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu rugo, ibisabwa ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa birimo kugenda birushaho gukomera. Kuva ku ibara ritagaragara kugeza ku irangi rinini, kuva ku ibara rikomeye kugeza ku ibara ry'ubururu, no kuva ku miterere y'icyuma kugeza ku biti byifashishijwe cyangwa ingaruka za fibre ya karuboni, gutunganya ubuso ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kugera kuri izi ngaruka. Dufashe urugero rwa terefone yo hagati, guhuza gusiga umucanga, gusiga amavuta, no koza bituma habaho imiterere idasanzwe kandi ikanagira ubwiza bw'icyuma. Ku rundi ruhande, gusiga amavuta bitera ubwoko bwinshi bw'amabara, bihaza ibyifuzo by'ibirango bitandukanye.

3. Kongera imikorere: "Inyongera" yo kwagura porogaramu z'ibicuruzwa

Uretse kurinda no ubwiza, gutunganya ubuso bishobora no gutanga imirimo yihariye ku ikoreshwa rya aluminiyumu mu gutunganyaIbice by'AbakinnyiUrugero, gusiga amavuta akomeye bishobora gutuma ubuso bukomera burenga HV300 ku bice bigize aluminiyumu mu ma roboti yo mu nganda, bigatuma ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kwangirika bugereranywa n'ubw'icyuma. Uburyo bwo gusiga imiti ku bikoresho bikwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwongera ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ku buso. Ibice bya aluminiyumu ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi bikorerwa uburyo bwo gusimbuka kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe kandi birinde ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'abantu.

II. Isesengura ryimbitse ry'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso bwa aluminiyumu: Ibiranga, Imikoreshereze, Ibyiza n'ibibi

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso bwa aluminiyumu, kandi amahame, ingaruka, n'ibintu bifatika kuri buri gikorwa biratandukanye cyane. Ibigo bigomba guhitamo uburyo bukwiye hashingiwe ku bikoresho by'ibicuruzwa byabyo, imiterere, ibisabwa mu mikorere, n'ingengo y'imari y'ikiguzi. Ibi bikurikira ni ubwoko butandatu bw'uburyo bukoreshwa cyane:

1. Guhindura irangi ry'imiti: Uburyo bwo kurinda ibintu ku giciro gito

Ihame: Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bishyirwa mu gikoresho cya shimi (nk'ikinyabutabire cya chromate, fosfeti, cyangwa ibikoresho bidafite chromium). Ihinduka ry'ibinyabutabire rikora agace ka inorganic gafite ubugari bwa 0.5-10μm ku buso.

Ubwoko busanzwe:

Uburinzi bukomeye bwa Chromate Conversion Coating: Butanga uburinzi bukomeye, ariko burimo chromium, itujuje ibisabwa ku bidukikije kandi irimo gukurwaho.

Guhindura Fosfate Coating: Bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya mbere yo gusiga kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gufatana kw'ibisigazwa.

Imyambaro yo gutwikira idafite chromium (nk'ishingiye kuri zirconium-titanium): Irinda ibidukikije kandi irinda ingese, ni yo nzira y'ibanze yo kurinda. Ibyiza: Uburyo bworoshye, buhendutse, umuvuduko wo gutunganya vuba, ikwiriye gukorwa ku bwinshi; Ibyiza: Urukuta rworoshye rwa firime, uburinzi buke iyo bukoreshejwe bwonyine, bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya imashini zikurikira; Ikoreshwa risanzwe: Gutunganya ibice by'imodoka mbere yo gusiga irangi, gutunganya ibikoresho byo mu rugo, uburinzi bw'ibanze ku bikoresho.

2. Gushyiramo anodizing: Ni byiza cyane mu gukomera no kugaragara neza
Ihame: Uburyo bwo gutwika aluminiyumu bukora nk'umusemburo w'amashanyarazi kandi bushyirwa mu gisubizo cya electrolyte (nk'aside sulfurike cyangwa aside oxalike). Electrolysis ikora firime ya oxyde (Al₂O₃) ifite ubugari bwa 5-200μm ku buso.
Ubwoko busanzwe:
Anodizing isanzwe (aside sulfuriki): Iyi firime ni imwe, inyurwa cyane, kandi ishobora gusigwa irangi, ikwiriye ibice byo hanze;
Anodizing ikomeye (aside oxalike cyangwa aside sulfurike-aside oxalike ivanze): Iyi filime ifite ubukana bwinshi kandi irwanya kwangirika neza, ikwiriye ibice bikora neza;
Anodizing ya porcelain: Iyi filime ifite ishusho isa na porcelain kandi ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gushyushya, ikwiriye ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Ibyiza: Irwanya ingese no kwangirika neza, igaragara neza (ipfa, guturika umucanga, ogisijeni, nibindi), kandi ifatana neza hagati ya filime n'ubutaka. Ibyiza: Uburyo bugoye, ihenze cyane, ibisabwa ku miterere y'ibikoresho (nk'uko birinda imyobo miremire n'icyuho gito kugira ngo hirindwe ko filimi idakwirakwira), ndetse no kwiyongera gato nyuma yo ogisijeni. Imikoreshereze isanzwe: Imirongo yo hagati ya terefone, udusanduku twa mudasobwa zigendanwa, imiyoboro ya drone, amaboko ya roboti zo mu nganda, imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe.

3. Gutera: Uburyo bwo gusiga bufite amabara menshi kandi bukoresha uburyo butandukanye.
Ihame: Irangi (nk'ifu, irangi, cyangwa irangi rya electrophoretic) rishyirwa ku buso bw'icyuma gicana aluminium hakoreshejwe imbunda itera cyangwa ibikoresho bya electrostatic spray. Irangi rikorwa nyuma yo gushonga. Ubwoko busanzwe:

Gusiga ifu: Ikoresha epoxy resin, polyester, n'izindi fu, ifite ubugari bwa 60-150μm kandi irwanya ikirere n'ingaruka.

Gusiga amavuta (Gusiga amarangi): Bitanga amabara meza kandi birabagirana cyane, bishobora kugera ku ndunduro idasobanutse, irabagirana, kandi irabagirana mu byuma.

Gutera amashanyarazi: Bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gusiga irangi kandi bikagira uruhare rukomeye mu gufata neza, bigatuma bikwiranye n'ibice bigoye by'imiterere y'inzu kandi bikaba bitangiza ibidukikije kurusha gusiga irangi gakondo.

Ibyiza: Itanga amabara menshi atandukanye, uburyo butandukanye bwo kurangiza, n'imikorere itandukanye yo gusiga (nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda ikirere, ubushyuhe, no kwirinda kunyerera).

Ingaruka mbi: Imyambaro ishobora gusaza, ishobora gushwanyagurika no gushwanyagurika uko igihe kigenda gihita, kandi isaba ko ikoreshwa cyane mbere yo kuyitunganya (gukuraho amavuta neza no gukuraho ingese).

Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa: Ibikoresho by'imodoka, ibikoresho byo mu nzu (firigo, imashini zimesa), amatara yo hanze, n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu.

4. Gushyiramo amashanyarazi: Ivugurura ry'icyuma rigezweho.

Ihame: Electrolysis ikoreshwa mu gushyira urwego rw'icyuma cyangwa alloy (nka nikeli, chromium, zinki, umuringa, cyangwa zahabu) ku buso bw'ibice bya aluminiyumu bikozwe mu cyuma. Kubera ko ubuso bw'alloy ya aluminiyumu bukunze gukora filimi za okiside, hakenewe uburyo bwihariye bwo kubikora mbere yo gukoresha electroplating (nk'ibizamini bya zinki cyangwa nikeli) kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gufatana kw'igitambaro.

Ubwoko busanzwe:

Gutunganya: Igiciro gito, uburinzi bwiza, bukwiriye ibikoresho rusange;

Gupfuka nikeli: Ifite ubwiyongere bwiza bwo kwangirika no kudashira kurusha gupfuka zinki, ifite ishusho isa n'umweru;

Icupa rya Chrome: Ubukana bwinshi n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugarura urumuri, bikwiriye ibice bihuza imiterere y'imitako n'imikorere yayo;

Gupfuka zahabu/ifeza: Bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bice by'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga biyobora amashanyarazi n'ibiyasudira.

Ibyiza: Imiterere ikomeye y'icyuma, imiterere y'imitako, hamwe n'imyambaro imwe n'imwe ishobora kunoza imikorere y'icyuma no gusudira.

Ingaruka mbi: Uburyo bugoye bwo gukora, ikiguzi kinini, ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'icyuma gikomeye, gufatana guke hagati y'igitambaro n'ubutaka, bishobora gukurura.

Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa: Ibikoresho byo mu bwiherero byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bihuza imodoka, ibice by'imodoka bigezweho, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho.

5. Gutera umucanga: Uburyo bwo kubanza kuvurwa kugira ngo habeho imiterere myiza

Ihame: Umwotsi ufunze ukoreshwa mu gutera ibintu bitera umwuka mubi (nk'umucanga wa quartz, umucanga wa aluminium oxide, amasaro y'ibirahure, nibindi) ku muvuduko mwinshi ku buso bw'ibicanwa bya aluminium alloy. Ingaruka z'ibyo bintu bitera umwuka mubi zikuraho ubunini bw'ubuso, ibibyimba, n'amabara y'amavuta, mu gihe icyarimwe bitanga umucyo mubi kandi udasobanutse.

Ibyiza: Gukora byoroshye, imikorere myiza cyane, kunoza ubukana bw'ubuso, kandi byongera gufatana kw'ibisigazwa bikurikira.

Ingaruka mbi: Iyo ikoreshejwe yonyine, nta ngaruka itanga ku burinzi kandi ikoreshwa gusa mu buryo bwo kuyivura mbere yo kuyikoresha cyangwa kuyisiga.

Ikoreshwa risanzwe: Gutunganya ubuso mbere yo gusiga amavuta, gukaraba mbere yo gusiga irangi, no ku bice byo hanze bisaba irangi ridafite ubuziranenge (nk'aho ibyuma bicukura indangururamajwi n'imibiri ya kamera).

6. Gusukura: Uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku irangi ry'indorerwamo rigaragara cyane

Ihame: Binyuze mu gusya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (nk'isukura ry'ibiziga by'imyenda, gusya ibiziga by'imyenda) cyangwa gusya hakoreshejwe imiti cyangwa gusya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, ubusumbane buke ku bicucu bya aluminiyumu bivanwaho, bigatuma habaho irangi ryiza nk'iry'indorerwamo. Ubwoko busanzwe:
Gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga: Bikwiriye imiterere yoroshye, bishobora kugira ibara ryinshi, ariko bishobora gushwanyagurika.
Gusukura hakoreshejwe imiti: Uburyo bworoshye, bukwiriye inyubako zigoye, ariko burimo urumuri ruto ugereranije no gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.
Gutunganya Electrolytic: Guhuza imikorere ya shimi n'iya electrolytic, bituma habaho urumuri rwinshi, ubuso bungana, kandi budahungabanya ibidukikije.
Ibyiza: Bitanga isura nziza, urumuri rukomeye, kandi byongera ibyiyumvo byiza by'ibicuruzwa.
Ingaruka mbi: Ihenze cyane, imikorere yayo ni mike, isaba ko ubuso bwayo burushaho kuba burambitse, kandi isaba uburyo bwo kuyirinda (nk'ubushyuhe cyangwa ubushyuhe) nyuma yo kuyisukura.
Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa: Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bigezweho, ibikoresho by'akataraboneka, amatara yo ku rubyiniro, n'ubuhanzi bw'imitako.

III. Ni gute wahitamo ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa siyansi? Ibintu bine by'ingenzi bigena gahunda y'ibikorwa

Iyo uhisemo gucukura aloyi ya aluminiyumu Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso, irinde ibintu bikabije nko "gukurikirana ibintu bigezweho" cyangwa "kugenzura ibiciro gusa." Ahubwo, tekereza ku byo ibicuruzwa bikeneye kugira ngo usuzume neza. Ibintu bine by'ingenzi bikurikira ni ingenzi mu guhitamo:

1. Ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa n'imikorere yabyo

Iri ni ryo shingiro ry'ibanze ryo guhitamo. Urugero:

Ibice by'amashanyarazi by'imodoka (nk'udukingirizo twa silindiri n'udusanduku tw'amavuta): bisaba ubudahangarwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi no kudahangarwa n'ubushyuhe bw'amavuta, bityo phosphating + electrophoresis cyangwa anodizing ikomeye ni byo byiza.

Amatara yo hanze: akeneye imirasire ya UV n'imvura, bityo ifu yo gusiga (polyester) cyangwa fluorocarbon irakwiriye.

Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byihariye: bisaba kohereza neza no koroshya gusora, bityo nikeli yo gusora + zahabu ni byiza kuyisora.

Ibice by'inyuma by'ikoranabuhanga: bisaba uburinganire hagati y'ubwiza n'ubudasaza, bityo ni byiza gukoresha irangi ry'umucanga + irangi ry'umucanga cyangwa irangi ry'umukara mwinshi + irangi ry'amashanyarazi.

2. Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo

Ku bice by'imiterere bigoye, tekereza ku buryo inzira ihinduka. Urugero:
Ku bice by’icyuma bifite imyobo miremire cyangwa imyanya mito: Irinde koza (bishobora gutuma irangi ritameze neza) no gushyiramo amashanyarazi (bishobora gutuma irangi rikomeza kwiyongera). Gutera cyangwa guhindura imiterere y’imiti ni byo byiza.
Ku bice bisaba ubuhanga bwo hejuru: Tekereza ingaruka z'iyi gahunda ku bipimo (urugero, anodizing ishobora kongera ingano ho 0.5-5μm, mu gihe electroplating ishobora kongera ingano ho 1-10μm). Emera ko habaho uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho mu gihe uhisemo.

3. Ingengo y'imari n'imikorere myiza y'umusaruro
Ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa bitandukanye kiratandukanye cyane, bityo uburinganire hagati y'imikorere n'ikiguzi ni ingenzi cyane. Urugero:
Ku bikoresho bifite ubwinshi bwinshi kandi bifite agaciro gato: Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ridafite Chromium cyangwa galvanizing ni amahitamo ahendutse.
Ku bice byo hanze byo hagati kugeza ku bigezweho: Guturika umucanga + anodizing bitanga ibiciro biringaniye kandi bihoraho, bigatuma bikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu byinshi.
Ku bice byabugenewe byo mu rwego rwo hejuru: Gutunganya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi + gushushanya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi cyangwa gusiga amavuta mu rwego rwa porcelain birahenze cyane, ariko bishobora guhaza ibyo ukeneye mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora bukwiye kandi kwitabwaho: Gusiga irangi no gutwika umucanga ni ibintu byihuse kandi bikwiriye gukorwa mu miyoboro y’inganda, mu gihe gusiga irangi no gusiga irangi rikomeye bidakora neza kandi bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo buciriritse.

4. Ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije n'amategeko agenga politiki

Kubera ko amategeko agenga ibidukikije agenda arushaho gukomera, inzira zirimo chromium na cyanide (nk'ikoreshwa rya chromate passivation risanzwe na cyanide electroplating) zaragabanijwe. Ibigo bigomba gushyira imbere inzira zitangiza ibidukikije, nko gukoresha chromium-free passivation, gutera irangi rishingiye ku mazi, no gukoresha electroplating idafite cyanide, kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije.

IV. Imiterere y'inganda: Iterambere rijyanye n'ibidukikije, rishingiye ku mikorere, kandi rihujwe

Bitewe n'ivugurura ry'inganda n'izamuka ry'igikenewe ku isoko, inganda zitunganya ubuso zikoresha aluminiyumu zirimo gutera imbere mu byerekezo bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Ibikorwa bitangiza ibidukikije bihinduka ibikorwa rusange

Bitewe na politiki ya "Dual Carbon", inzira zitangiza ibidukikije zizasimbura buhoro buhoro iza gakondo, zihumanya cyane. Urugero, inzira za chromate zasimbuye burundu inzira za chromate; ifu ishingiye ku mazi n'ingufu za ultraviolet (UV) byabaye amahitamo mashya yo gusiga irangi bitewe n'imyuka yabyo ihumanya ikirere (VOC); kandi inzira za purchase zidafite amazi n'imyanda, nko gushyira umwuka mu kirere (PVD), zikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

2. Kwiyongera k'ubusabe bw'imikorere myinshi

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso bukoresha imikorere imwe ntibuhagije kugira ngo buhuze n'ibikenewe ku bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Uburyo bwo guhuza "uburinzi + imiterere + imikorere yihariye" burimo kuba ikintu gishimishije. Urugero, imiyoboro ya radar y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu igomba gutanga uburyo bwo kurwanya ikirere, kurinda amashanyarazi, no ubwiza. Uburyo bwo guhuza "uburyo bwo gukoresha chromium-free passivation + coating conductive spray + coating ifu idahura n'ikirere" bugera kuri iyi mirimo myinshi. Amasashe ya Smartwatch akoresha "sandblasting + anodizing + PVD coating" kugira ngo arebe ko adapfa kwangirika mu gihe agera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'icyuma.

3. Kuvugurura uburyo bwo guhuza inzira no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga

Kugira ngo kunoze imikorere myiza y'umusaruro no guhuza umusaruro, gutunganya ubuso burimo guhinduka kuva ku buryo butandukanye kugera ku buryo buhuriweho bw'umusaruro. Urugero, uburyo nko "gukuraho amavuta → gukuraho ingese → gusimbuza → gusiga amavuta → gusiga amavuta" bushyirwa mu buryo buhoraho bw'umusaruro, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo kwimura ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byikora (nk'imashini zikoresha amarobo n'imirongo ikoresha amarobo) ntirigabanya gusa ikiguzi cy'abakozi ahubwo rinatuma habaho kugenzura neza ibipimo by'umusaruro kugira ngo hirindwe amakosa y'abantu.

V. Umwanzuro: Gutunganya ubuso ni "Ikorwa rya Kabiri" ry'Ibikoresho bicukura aluminiyumu
Gutunganya ubuso bw'icyuma gicana aluminiyumu si ugusoza gusa, ahubwo ni n'igice cy'ingenzi mu kunoza ireme n'imikorere myiza. Kuva ku buryo bw'ibanze bwo kurinda kugeza ku kuvugurura imikorere ku rwego rwo hejuru, no kuva ku buryo gakondo bwo gukoresha imiti kugeza ku buryo butangiza ibidukikije, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubuso riri gutuma icyuma gicana aluminiyumu gikoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse.