Alloy High-Pressure Casting: Ɔkwan Bɛn so na Melting Temperature Kyerɛ Casting Su Pa?

Alloy High- .Nhyɛso a Wɔde Tow: Ɔkwan Bɛn so na Ɔhyew a Ɛma Nwene Kyerɛ Casting Su Pa? Akwankyerɛ a Ɛsɛ sɛ Wɔkenkan ma Adetɔfo

Wɔ aluminium alloy high-pressure casting nnwuma nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn, adetɔfo bere nyinaa dwen kɛse wɔ stability a casting su. Sɛ́ ɛyɛ mfiri ahoɔden a ɛwɔ kar afã horow mu, sɛnea ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma no nsusuwii yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, anaasɛ sɛnea mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma no ntumi nsɛe no, awiei koraa no, saa nneɛma yi ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no mu wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse. Wɔ nneɛma pii a ɛwɔ nkɛntɛnso no mu no, ɔhyew a ɛma ɛyɛ hyew yɛ ade titiriw, na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea aluminium aduru a wɔanwene no yɛ nsu, ɛho tew, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ nwene no tẽẽ, na mpo ɛka sɛnea nneɛma a wɔde gu mu no bɛsɛe ne nkwa nna a wɔde di dwuma no so nkɛntɛnso. Saa asɛm yi bɛhwehwɛ abusuabɔ a emu dɔ a ɛda ɔhyew a ɛbɔ ne casting su ntam mu afi adetɔfo bi adwene mu, na aboa wo ma woasusuw sɛnea nea ɔde nneɛma ma wo no tumi yɛ adwuma no ho pɛpɛɛpɛ bere a worepaw biako no.

1, Ntease: Dɛn nti na melting hyew wɔ aluminium alloy high-pressure casting "ho hia"?

Nnyinasosɛm titiriw a ɛwɔ aluminium aduru a wɔde nhyɛso kɛse gu mu ne sɛ wɔbɛmia aluminium aduru a wɔabɔ no akɔ nkuku no mu wɔ nhyɛso ne ahoɔhare kɛse mu, na wɔayɛ adan no afã horow a ɛyɛ den ntɛmntɛm. Saa adeyɛ yi kyerɛ sɛ aluminium a wɔanwene no du ne tebea a eye sen biara mu —ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nsu a ɛbɛhyɛ nkuku no mu biribiara ma bere a ɛkwati sɛ ɛbɛsɛe esiane ɔhyew a ɛboro so nso nti.

Aluminium aduru ahorow (te sɛ A356, A380, ne 6061, a adetɔfo taa de di dwuma) wɔ mmeae ahorow a ɛsono sɛnea ɛyɛ hyew ne ɔhyew a eye sen biara a ɛma ɛyɛ hyew.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, A356 aluminium aduru (a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ kar ntwahonan ne engine mounts mu) wɔ nwini a ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 615-655°C, na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ hyew a eye sen biara a ɛyɛ 650-680°C.

A380 aluminium afrafra (wɔpɛ ma ɛlɛtrɔnik adan ne nkitahodi) wɔ nwene a ɛba fam (bɛyɛ 570-600°C), a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ hyew pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛyɛ 620-650°C.

Ɔhyew a ɛkɔ akyiri boro ±15°C betumi de nsɛm ahorow a ɛfa nneɛma pa ho aba, a ɛtaa da adi bere a wɔayɛ casting no akyi nkutoo, na ɛde ɛka foforo ba adetɔfo so wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma bio ne nneɛma a wɔsan de ba mu. 2. Ɔhyew a Ɛba Fam Dodo: Castings Wɔ "Inherent Deficiencies," Saa Mfomso Yi Na Ɛtaa Ba

Wɔ adetɔfo fam no, ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea nneɛma a wɔde gu mu a wɔayɛ no hyew a ɛba fam dodo a ɛyɛ hyew no "wɔ abɔnten so a enni dɛm," nanso nokwarem no, ɛwɔ sintɔ ahorow a ahintaw na ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse sɛ ebetumi adi nkogu bere a wɔde redi dwuma akyiri yi no. Saa sintɔ ahorow yi da adi wɔ mmeae abiɛsa titiriw:

1. Poor Fluidity: Nsusuwii a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no nyɛ nea ɛfata, na wontumi nhyɛ nkuku ho nsɛm ma.

Nsuo a ɛwɔ aluminium a wɔabɔ no mu no ne ɔhyew wɔ abusuabɔ pa. Sɛ ɔhyew no sua dodo a, dade a wɔabɔ no mu nsu a ɛyɛ den no kɔ soro kɛse, na ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ “cooling syrup,” na ɛmma entumi nhyɛ nsunsu a ɛyɛ teateaa, afasu a ɛyɛ tratraa, anaa abura a ɛyɛ den no ma ntɛmntɛm wɔ nhyɛso kɛse ase. Adetɔfo betumi anya castings a:

Edge sintɔ ne ntwea a enni mũ (sɛ nhwɛso no, clips a abubu wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma so anaasɛ ntokuru a asɛe wɔ kar afã horow so);

Ɔfasu no mu duru a ɛnteɛ ne "necking" a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ, a ɛde mfiri su a ɛso tew ba (sɛ nhwɛso no, ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe nhyɛso a ɛnnɔɔso wɔ nneɛma a ɛsoa adesoa mu). Wɔ asɛm bi a wɔyɛe a ɛfa kar akwaa a wɔtɔ ho mu no, na A356 aluminium a wɔde afrafra a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛyɛ nea ɔde ma no nnu 640°C, na ɛmaa wɔanhyɛ spokes a ɛwɔ wheel hub castings mu no ma koraa. Eyi maa nneɛma a wɔsɛe no no kɔɔ soro koduu 23%, na awiei koraa no ɛmaa kar no nhyiam no kyɛe.

2. Fusion/Inclusions a enni hɔ: Efĩ a wɔde asie wɔ casting no mu no brɛ ahoɔden ne corrosion resistance nyinaa ase.

Sɛ ɔhyew a ɛwɔ nsuo mu no antumi ankɔ boɔ a ɛho hia a ɛbɛma aduru no ayɛ nwene koraa a, nneɛma a wɔde afrafra te sɛ silicon ne magnesium no mu nneɛma nketenkete a ɛnsɛee no bɛtena aluminium a wɔabɔ no mu, anaasɛ efĩ te sɛ slag ne oxides betumi afra mu Saa "ahɔho nneɛma" yi betumi ayɛ wɔ casting no mu:

Fusion a Enni: Castings taa bubu wɔ mmeae a efĩ wɔ bere a wɔde nhyɛso ba no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔtew connector a ɛwɔ industrial robɔt basa so no nkwa nna so fii mfe anum koduu afe biako esiane sɛ na enni fusion nti.

Oxide a Wɔde Ka Ho: Saa efĩ yi betumi asɛe aluminium a wɔde afra no mu den na ama asɛe ntɛmntɛm wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini, acid, anaa alkaline. .

3. Porosity a ɛkɔ soro: Castings "Breathe" Poorly, Ɛhwere Sealing Adwumayɛ

Sɛ ɔhyew no sua dodo a, aluminium a wɔabɔ no afrafra no ntumi nyi hydrogen a wɔapete no mfi hɔ koraa (wɔtaa frɛ no wɔ casting adwumayɛ mu sɛ "incomplete degassing"). Saa hydrogen yi yɛ nsunsuanso nketenkete bere a ade a wɔde gu mu no yɛ onwini no. Sɛ adetɔfo no retɔ nsɔano (te sɛ hydraulic valve blocks ne nsu pɔmpɛ dan) a, pores betumi ama:

Nsuo a ɛtwetwe wɔ nhyɛsoɔ kɛseɛ tebea mu (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, hydraulic system nhyɛsoɔ kɔ fam, na ɛma ɛnyɛ adwuma yie);

Ɔhyew ne anyinam ahoɔden a asɛe wɔ casting no mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛlɛtrɔnik radiators betumi anya ɔhyew a wɔsɛe no yiye a ɛso tew 30% esiane pores nti).

3. Ɔhyew a ɛboro so: Casting Loss a ɛboro so, Ɛhwere ɛka ne ne su nyinaa

Sɛ wɔde toto ɔhyew a ɛba fam dodo ho a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobebu ani agu ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro dodo a ɛma ɛyɛ hyew so —ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea aluminium a wɔabɔ no ayɛ te sɛ nea “ɛyɛ nsu koraa,” nanso nokwarem no, nea ɛwom no asɛe, na ɛde adehwere aba ama nea ɔtɔ no.

1. Alloying Element Burnout: Adwumayɛ no twe ne ho fi gyinapɛn ahorow ho na entumi nni ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛfa sɛnea wɔde di dwuma ho no ho dwuma.
Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛbɔ wɔ aluminium aduru mu, te sɛ magnesium ne zinc, yɛ hyew ntɛmntɛm wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu (wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ "ɔhyew"). Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ A380 aluminium aduru no hyew boro 670°C a, magnesium a ɛhyew no kɔ soro fi 5% kosi 15%, na ɛde:
10%-15% a ɛso tew wɔ tensile ahoɔden a ɛwɔ casting no mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛlɛtrɔnik adan no taa paapae bere a wɔabɔ no);
Nneɛma a ɛko tia nsɛe a asɛe (sɛ nhwɛso no, castings a wɔde di dwuma wɔ po mu nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no betumi anya nsɛe a ɛyɛ fitaa wɔ asram abiɛsa mu).
Sɛ adetɔfo gye castings a egyina adwumayɛ ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛwɔ standard grades mu so a, ebia wobehu sɛ casting parameters ankasa no twe ne ho fi apam no mu nsɛm no ho kɛse, na ɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔsan tɔ bio, na ɛbɛma bere ne sikasɛm mu ka akɔ soro.

2. Coarse Grain Size: Castings no bɛyɛ brittle, na impact resistance no so tew kɛse.
Ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ma dade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ba bere a aluminium a wɔde afrafra no dwo no, na ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ adansi nneɛma a ɛyɛ hare, na ɛtew ɔdan no a ɛyɛ den so kɛse. Sɛ wɔde ahodwiriw ne wosow (te sɛ kar chassis afã horow ne nkitahodi ahorow a wɔde yɛ adansi mfiri) a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ:

Brittle fracture (ɛpaapae mpofirim a ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi sɛ ɛbɛsakra);

Ɔbrɛ nkwa nna a ɛyɛ tiaa (ɛdi nkogu ntɛmntɛm bere a wɔde adwennwen ahyɛ mu mpɛn pii akyi, te sɛ kar a wɔde sɛn hɔ no afã horow a ɛpaapae bere a wɔde adi dwuma kilomita 10,000 akyi).

Obi a ɔtɔ adansi mfiri bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ nea ɔde ma no dii aluminium a wɔde afra 6061 no hyew so wɔ 700°C (ɛboro nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no 650-680°C koraa), na ɛmaa bokiti bi a ɛka bom no bubui bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no, na ɛsɛee mfiri a wɔde sɔ hwɛ a ne bo yɛ yuan 200,000 tẽẽ.

3. Oxidation a emu yɛ den: Surface "Crusting" a Casting no, Ɛma Processing Ka a ɛkɔ soro

Ɔhyew a ɛboro so ma aluminium a wɔabɔ no akuturuku ne mframa no yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm, na ɛma ɛyɛ oxide film a ɛyɛ den (Al2O3). Sɛ saa oxide film yi fra aluminium a wɔabɔ no a, ebetumi ayɛ wɔ... Casting Surface a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma: 1 .

Amena ne akuru (sɛ nhwɛso no, abɔnten afã horow no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyam na wɔyɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ foforo, na ɛma ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ ho no kɔ soro 20%);

Nneɛma a ɛwɔ soro a ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo (sɛ nhwɛso no, nsɔano a ɛwɔ soro no rentumi nkɔ yiye, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔsan yɛ no foforo). Wɔ adetɔfo a wɔde hwɛbea di kan (te sɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a wɔde di dwuma ne kar mu nneɛma mu) fam no, saa sintɔ ahorow yi betumi ama wɔatutu nneɛma a wɔde gu mu no tẽẽ anaasɛ ebehia sɛ wosiesie nneɛma a ɛho ka yɛ den.

4. Ɔkwan bɛn so na adetɔfo betumi asusuw sɛnea obi a ɔde nneɛma ma no tumi hwɛ ɔhyew a ɛrewosow so? Nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa

Bere a wɔate nkɛntɛnso a ɔhyew a ɛma ɛyɛ hyew nya no ase akyi no, adetɔfo betumi de nsɛntitiriw abiɛsa a edidi so yi adi dwuma de asusuw sɛnea wɔn a wɔde aluminium afrafrade a wɔde nsu gu mu a ɛyɛ nhyɛso kɛse no tumi yɛ adwuma no ho pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔakwati afiri:

1. Hwɛ nnwinnade a wɔde hwɛ ɔhyew so ne kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow mu

Wɔde bere ankasa mu infrared thermometers bɛhyɛ adwumayɛfoɔ a wɔde nneɛma ma no mu, afiri a wɔde hwɛ fononoo mu hyeɛ so a ɛnyɛ adwuma, na wɔayɛ kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛfa ɔhyew a ɛbɔ ho nsɛm ho ama batch biara (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, wɔbɛkyerɛw ɔhyew a ɛwɔ hɔ simma 10 biara, a ɛwɔ abodwokyɛre a ɛyɛ ±5°C). Adetɔfo betumi abisa nea ɔde nneɛma ma no sɛ ɔmfa asram abiɛsa a atwam no mu ɔhyew ho kyerɛwtohɔ mma. Sɛ wohu ɔhyew a ɛtaa sakra (ɛboro ±10°C) anaasɛ kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow a enni mũ a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma no yɛ ahwɛyiye. 2. Hwehwɛ Amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa Casting Quality Inspection ho

Wɔn a wɔfata a wɔde nneɛma ma no bɛyɛ metallographic nhwehwɛmu (de ahwɛ aburow kɛse), mfiri agyapade sɔhwɛ (tensile ahoɔden, denden), ne non-destructive sɔhwɛ (X-ray ne ultrasonic sɔhwɛ ma porosity ne inclusions) wɔ batch biara a castings. Adetɔfo betumi de wɔn adwene asi:

Sɛ ebia aburow no kɛse du gyinapɛn ahorow ho (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛsɛ sɛ A356 aluminium alloy aburow no ntwemu yɛ ≤100μm);

Sɛ ebia porosity no yɛ ≤2% (ma nsɔano, ≤1%);

Sɛ ebia alloying element a ɛwɔ mu no wɔ standard range no mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ A380 aluminium alloy magnesium dodow so wɔ 0.1-0.3%) ntam.

3. Hwehwɛ supplier no degree of process standardization mu

Wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma a wɔatew wɔn ho no bɛyɛ melting nhyehyɛe ho nkrataa a emu da hɔ ama aluminium alloy grades ahorow, a nea ɛka ho ne:

Optimal melting temperature ranges ne ɔhyew rates ma alloys ahorow;

Bere a wɔde yi mframa fi mu ne nea wɔde yi slag (sɛ nhwɛso no, nea edi kan a wɔde yi mframa fi mu wɔ 650°C);

Operator ntetee ne nhwehwɛmu akwan (sɛ nhwɛso no, daa nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔhyew sohwɛ ho nimdeɛ ho). Adetɔfo betumi de nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ beae hɔ anaa video a wɔyɛ wɔ adwumayɛbea ahorow mu no adi dwuma de ahwɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma no di nhyehyɛe ho gyinapɛn ahorow so pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔakwati nneɛma a wɔyɛ wɔ adwumayɛbea kwan so a egyina osuahu so.